Political Regimes of the XX century

A political regime is a form of government it can also be known as political system. A regime can be characterized by its ruler or by its actions.  We have seen a lot of regimes along history some have been good and others have not it all depends on the way the regime is being managed. There are two types of regimes that are the ones more used which are, democratic regime or totalitarian regime.

A totalitarian regime is a way of government in which the state is the one controlling every aspect of the country.  From the public aspects to the personal life of each individual. They use several ways of persuasion, controlling masses and most of the time they use terror to control people.

A democratic regime is  a political system in which the majority of the country has voice and vote among the decision taking of the government. People choose the governor in a system that the majority wins. 
Sources:
"What Is a Political Regime?" WiseGEEK: Clear Answers for Common Questions. Web. 08 Dec. 2011. <http://www.wisegeek.com/what-is-a-political-regime.htm>.
"Totalitarianism." Wikipedia, the Free Encyclopedia. Web. 08 Dec. 2011. <http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Totalitarianism>.






 POLITICAL REGIMES WORK


Australian Regime


Gimnasio La Montaña
History
Martin Vargas Morales
Australia – WWI
Australia, was involved in the First World War, mainly for three reasons. Firstly they were part of the colonies of their mother country, Britain. Secondly, when Australia got involved on this, more countries started to have a grater respect for the siminutive new nation. And thirdly, when Andrew Fisher promised that Australia would stand behing its mother country, Britain. He thought that on this way Australio would demostrate its loyalty to Britain. New Zeland was also one of the British colonies involve in all this thing of the war. For Australia, the First World War was on of the most costly conflicts in terms of deaths. From a population of around five million, 416,809 men conformed the armi and 60,000 were killed, and other 156,000 were taken as prisoners.
http://www.war-stories.com/images-posters/wwi/wwi-poster-ally-australia-50000-more-men.jpg
This image is composed mainly by three parts. The first one is the part of “Australia has promised Britain” and with this part the image is making reference to the promise that Adrew Fisher made to Britain, the promise said tha Australia would stand behing its mother country always.
The second parto of the image is really simple. Is the part of “50,000 more men”. In this part it is saying that the army that the Australians has, needed 50.000 more men.
And the last part of the image is the part of “Will YOU help us keep that promise” and it is like an invitation to all the australians to be members of the army that was going to fight in the World War to keep the promise to Nritain.
http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0e/Trumpetcallsa.jpg/250px-Trumpetcallsa.jpg
This is a really simple image, in this image is shown a man of the Australian Army with a trompet making it sound. And what this means is that they were calling all the Australians to be part of the army. So is kind of similar to the last one. Is an invitation to all the society to be part of the army to fight in the war.

The Australians were a colony of the Britains So it made part of the Great Britain Regim in the First world war. I am going to do a comparison between the Great Britain Regime with the Stalinist Regime. The Stalinist regime became a totalitarian government, they took control over the economy, the family industry and the military power. Stallins principal policy was to convert Russia into a military country. But instead what the Great Britain regime was doing was mainly fighting for the rights of small nations and the rule of law. When they entered the war, with their colonies: Australia, New Zeland, etc. They entered with some 19thcentury liberalvalues. So the objective of these regimenes were really diferent.

Bibliography:                          
·         "Australia - WWI." Michael A Parle - Home Page. Web. 05 Oct. 2011. <http://www.parle.co.uk/genealogy/australia-ww1.htm>.
·         "Why Did Australia Become Involved in World War 1." The Q&A Wiki. Web. 05 Oct. 2011. <http://wiki.answers.com/Q/Why_did_Australia_become_involved_in_World_War_1>



Germany in World War II

During World War II, Germany was under a fascist rule with Hitler and the Nazis as their leaders. This was a new type of government for Germans and it was really different from any democratic systems that existed in that time. A democratic government like the one Great Britain had during the war, ensured several individual rights as the freedom of thought and speech or the right to life; it enabled people to choose their rulers; it had a parliament, so if the prime minister wanted to change or create a new law, he had to have a valid or important reason and his idea had to be approved by the parliament; and people, despite their race, religion or way of thinking were treated with equality. Hitler’s totalitarian regime lacked of all these characteristics. Fascist rulers could change the law as they wanted, when they wanted, and without any particular reason; some people lacked completely of individual rights because of their race and religion; no one had complete freedom to think or to express; art, literature, music and media were restrained and controlled by the government; there was a great feeling of Nationalism, which was almost imposed on people... These types of governments were quite different from each other. In this text, some of the characteristics of Germany’s fascist government are going to be explained through the Nazi propaganda images shown below.











In the first image you can see a little, smiling Aryan girl in front of lots of other children (probably Aryan as well), you can also read the words Jugend dient dem Führer: Alle Zehnjärhigen in die HJ”, “Youth serves the Führer: All ten years-old into Hitler Youth.” In the second image, you can see a group of people who might be Jews and other non-Aryan persons; in the lower part of the image it is written: “Der Untermensch”, German for the “sub-humans”. This two posters show the way this fascist regimes used propaganda in its benefit, how the government tried to control every aspect in people’s lives and the racism Nazism implied.
In Hitler’s regime the use of propaganda was essential. Germany was all covered by similar images to the ones showed previously; they were used to make people believe that all what Nazis were doing was necessary for the welfare of the Nation and that there was nothing wrong with it. In the image of Hitler’s Jungend you can see that the little girl seems really happy to be part of the HJ. In this poster Hitler Youth doesn’t seem to be something bad or that might cause any type of pain to the kids, and if it does, it is for the prosperity of the Reich. In the other image, “the Untermensch” are carrying weapons; this detail makes this “sub-humans” look threatening and frightening, and makes people think that their extermination is necessary for Germany’s safety.
Racism is also present in both posters. In the first one the girl shown is not any type of girl, she is Aryan. A Jewish girl would have been absolutely out of place in this poster, as Jews were everything but perfect. In the second one, racism is more evident. The non-Aryan people are shown as disgusting and inferior persons who don’t even deserve to be called humans, and just because they aren’t Aryans. During the years Europe was ruled by Nazis, racism was extremely common. When Hitler came to power, he needed someone to accuse for Germany’s misfortunes, and he and his hatred decided to blame Jews. Why Jews? There are lots of theories to justify this hatred: economy, religion, Hitler’s problems with them as a child... It is difficult to know which is the real one, maybe he just needed to blame someone and as he hated them so much, he decided Jews were the ones to be blamed. Anyway, all these inferior people that included Jews, persons with mental problems, deficient kids, old people, etc. were murdered. At the beginning, Jews were not killed, they had to wear a yellow David Star in their clothes, had to hand in part of their goods to Aryans and some of their rights as citizens were removed. As Anna Frank once wrote in her journal, “Jews must wear a yellow star, Jews must hand in their bicycles, Jews are banned from trans and are forbidden to drive […] So we could not do this and we could not do that [...]Our freedom was strictly limited. Yet things were still bearable.” (Frank, Anne, page 5) When “The Final Solution” was taken, Jews started to disappear. They were taken to concentration camps, gassed to death and then cremated or used either to make scientific experiments or to work in harsh conditions. In the case of deficient people, they were taken to especial “hospitals” and most of them were also gassed until death. Babies, kids, men and women were killed and discriminated without any type of distinction; the ones who supported this mass killing insisted that it was for the welfare of the Reich.
The images do also make evident the way this totalitarian regime tried to control every aspect in people’s life. People aren’t allowed anymore to have contact with “sub-humans”, especially Jews, so that they can’t think that treating them as animals is wrong, and now children must belong to HJ in order to be controlled. During the time the first poster was printed, Hitler Youth had been created. With these groups it was easier for Nazis to control people’s life, as it was mandatory for Aryan children aged 10 and older to belong to them. The government said that Germany’s future depended on their youth, so kids needed to be “prepared for their future duties”(Hitler’s Youth Laws). There they were taught to have the appropriate national spirit and lots of other things that would finally benefit Nazis. Kids spent lots of time in these types of activities, but adults couldn’t complain about it because if they did and they were discovered, then the Gestapo would fetch them and, at least, give them a great beating to teach them to keep their mouths shut. Parents who were not a hundred per cent with their government couldn’t even trust their children, for in school kids were given great encouragement to report any anti-nationalist behaviour they saw in anyone and some of them would innocently report their own parents. As you can see, Nazis didn’t only use Hitler Youth to put children in their side, school was also controlled by them. In fact, children didn’t learn too much in those times, physical training was much more important for the government, and the few things kids learned were highly influenced by the regime. Here is an example of the kind of mathematical problems they had to solve:
“The construction of a lunatic asylum costs six million Reichmarks. How many houses at 15,000 Reichmarks each could have been built for that amount?” (Ausländer, Dowswell Paul. Location 939)
Taking in account all the characteristics and situations described, we could say that Hitler’s regime was completely opposite to Great Britain’s democratic system. We could also think that living under a fascist regime like Hitler’s would be horrible and unbearable, and it’s difficult for us to imagine that someone could have ever supported a government like this one. But Germans who lived at this war period were desperate. Their economy had been destroyed again by the Great Depression just when they were finally recovering from World War II and the situation in which the Treaty of Versailles left them, they had lost all their hopes and most of them thought that if Nazis were the only way to move forward, they would accept them.
Sources:
Frank, Anne. Marland, Michael ed. “The Diary of Anne Frank” Malasya: Longman, 2008
Dowswell, Paul. “Ausländer”(Kindle Edition) London: Bloomsbury Publishing Plc, April 2010.
Boyne, John. “The Boy in the Stripped Pyjamas” Barcelona: Salamandra, February 2007.
“Hitler Youth Laws” Historical Boy’s Uniforms 10/30/09<http://histclo.com/youth/youth/org/nat/hitler/org/hj-law.htm> 30/9/11
Murdoch, Jim. “Dreaming in Black and White.” The Truth about Lies. 17/10/10 <http://jim-murdoch.blogspot.com/2010/10/dreaming-in-black-and-white.html > 1/10/011
B. Beck, Roger, et. Al. “World History: Patterns of Interaction” U.S.A.: McDougal Littell.
Trueman, Chris. “Nazis Education” 2011 <http://www.historylearningsite.co.uk/Nazis_Education.htm> 1/10/2011
Images:



Germany WWII



Ge


















Germany during the Second World War used Nationalism as their political regime. Nationalism is the belief that people should be loyal mainly to their nation -that is the people with whom they share a culture and history- rather than to a king or empire. Hitler tried to influence people with this idea creating the Nationalsocialism party, which got the power in 1933, when Hitler won the elections, with some tentative proposals like taking out Germany from the terrible crisis they were in or making Germany a strong country again, like they were before the Versailles Treat. After some time people loved Hitler because he could fulfill his promises. So, he and all the party´s members got in fire the parliament and took the power completely.
These two posters show partially some of the most important aspects of nationalism in Germany during the WWII. In the first poster there is a German young man, apparently a student, because of the phrases written in the upper and lower parts. These phrases traduced from the German to the English say like this: “The German student struggles for national leaders and for the NSD nationwide team of students”. This reflects that in German society everyone was very loyal and proud of their nation, and that because of the fulfillments Hitler had accomplished, everyone must help their nation. Every single group in the country had to agree with decisions and support them, so in this specific situation students are showing their unconditional help to the government and Germany over all.
In the second poster appears Hitler with the Nazi flag and illuminated by the heaven and in the back part many people with Nazi flags. In the lower part there is a phrase that traduced means: “Long live Germany”. These may mean that Germany, guided by Nazism was the good side, were helped by God and the heavens.
Like the main political regimes of first leg of XX century were totalitarianism and democracy, I will relate nationalism with one of them. I thing its much easier to associate Hitler´s Germany´s nationalism with totalitarianism principles. So, Germany during the first part of the XX century used a totalitarian government. If I compare an important democratic regime with an important totalitarian regime I would find many different characteristics. For example, the UNited States and Germany. First, while in the US presidents were elected after a period of time and it was always respected that period, in Germany, Hitler was elected and he never gave the power back to the people, he stayed as the leader. Second, in the US different institutions controlled the power in the hole country, while in Germany only the Nazis had power over everyone. Finally, in the US people had individual rights and specially freedom to speech and express their opinions, in Germany, after some yaers everyone had to be in total agree with Hitler and nazism ideologies, the one that was in disagree could be killed or severaly punished.
Although in Germany not only Nationalism was used (Socialism was also partially applied), it was maybe the most important idea of Hitler´s regime, to trust and be loyal to their nation and leader.So, more than one political regime was used, as we saw nationalism, socialism and partially totalitarianism were used.

Sources:
http://files.sharenator.com/hohlwei2_World_War_Two_Propaganda_Posters-s335x480-48182-580.jpg
https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhOfqSKBmCR_pbwQV9uJvmA7zJzp6hMKW59_NZ5ue5GMHkikmE5T0fxzDzQzzajBrm7yaxFGCwqHgpMe0ZRzPfueV2jKJ7wjVkrYS8i6NPbmXnAeng0op32mXE5ua8uKQ_RcY2a1MQMlwc/s1600/biografia+adolf+hitler.jpg
http://tks.org/europa.htm







Italian Regime During World War II

LUNES 3 DE OCTUBRE DE 2011


Maria Jose Garcia Aguirre
History- Political Regimes
October, 2011
9º A
Italy, during the World War II, was being controlled by the dictator Benito Mussolini. Mussolini was a Totalitarian fan and his regime, of course, was Totalitarism. Totalitarian regimes were characterized for emphasizing their power on the economical progress. This meant they created strong economies. Totalitarian regimes searched as well for a strong community or a strong city, people, etc. Also, they needed and wanted total control; everything should be done as they wanted it to be and no one could go against the leaders, who were mostly dictators. Through this, they searched for bringing wealth, mostly to the government than the peoples.
In the first image,
we see three warriors; a Japanese, an Italian and a German. This represents the Tripartite Pact. The Tripartite Pact was the alliance between Japan, Germany and Italy. They got together to give support to one and other, to establish new orders of things and to promote mutual prosperity to the peoples concerned. That’s why, at the beginning of all, these 3 countries were together and that’s why this picture pictures them as a “team”. We can relate this to the characteristics of Totalitarism because we can see how far could the go to be strong and have power/control. Also, how far could they go to improve their economical state. This image makes reference to the beginning of the World War II, when these 3 countries were together and worked together.
In the second image,
we find a propaganda poster with a lemma that says “The enemy is listening in silence”. When Italy was invaded, the enemy could be anywhere. Citizens were afraid. That’s why I think they did this sort of posters, to warn the citizens what they could run into. This is clearly related to Totalitarism, for they wanted to have a strong city so the government sent them these messages to keep them aware and strong. This image makes reference to the World War II, when Italy suffered invasions and stuff.
As I already said, Totalitarian regimes searched for complete power and control of everything. This makes them very different to democratic regimes, in terms of control, because democratic regimes had no right to rule over people and the way they lived; democratic regimes propose changes that they think they’ll bring wealth to the city, country, etc. Mean while, Totalitarian regimes do rule or take control over people and their ways of living. In terms of the rulers or leaders, democratic regimes have a leader chosen by the community and this person must be equal to everyone. In the other hand, Totalitarian regimes had dictators who do what they are pleased to and don’t care that much for the city but more for the government. As an example of all this, we can compare the U.S democratic regime with the Italian Totalitaran regime; while Benito Mussolini, the Italian dictator, controlled over everything and made everyone do what he wanted, in the U.S, in the mid XX, people could work where they wanted to.

Sources:
Images:







Italy WW II

Italian Fascist regime during WW II
Italy was one of the main actors of the second world war. In fact, it was the main ally of Germany in Europe. Germany's ruler, Adolf Hitler, and Italy's duce, Benito Mussolini, had a very similar way of thinking. They were both Fascist. Although Hitler's government was a developed way of fascism, called Nazionalism; Mussolini's one was really close to the idea of fascism that grew in Italy during the 1920s.
Mussolini lead the National Fascist Party to the power in 1922. He started violence acts towards the government, the king and the other parties in Italy. In 1922, he had already "conquered" some part of north Italy, and was able to enter Rome in a triumphant march, later called the March on Rome. After this event, Mussolini took over the power and reach an agreement with the King of Italy Victor Emmanuel III so both keep the government. Mussolini was the facto ruler, while Emmanuel kept his position as emblematic King.
Mussolini established a fascist-based government, that himself described as:
Liberalism, democracy, this does not mean that the XXth century must also be the century of socialism, liberalism, democracy. Political doctrines pass; nations remain. We are free to believe that this is the century of authority, a century tending to the 'right', a Fascist century. If the 19th century was the century of the individual (liberalism implies individualism) we are free to believe th at this is the 'collective' century, and therefore the century of the State.
Doctrine of Fascism, Benito Mussolini
In his regime, he ensured all the main characteristics of fascism. The people was supposed to thought first on the state, rather than on each individual, so people was though to sacrify their own necessities in order to satisfy the estate. This is seen in the next propaganda poster, in which the people was supposed to give part of their money (or rings) to financiate the war and army, which was also thought as a way of ensuring Italy's wealth and strength.
This poster was made up after 18 of December of 1935, when millions of Italians gave their wedding rings to the army, so they could affront the war.
This one is a pure example of Fascism, which thought on the state as more important than people. It also show the value of the army, and of the strength that Italy must have for people, who were thought that the strength is the most important characteristic of a Fascist regime.

Other characteristics of Fascism that the Italian regime had, was the use of fear. Mussolini used his Black Jackets as a type of Gestapo in Italy. This police was supposed to maintain the order, and to murder the ones who where against the duce. People feared the Black Jackets. As shown, he used propaganda to convince people of following hum.
The use of Propaganda was used to convince people of the regime, its actions, and its leader. So Italy used several posters in order to put people on their side (As it is seen below). The duce wanted people to thought at him, so he also changed the teaching way of schools in Italy. All this was focused on telling people that the position on the war, and the fascism were correct.
"Side by side until the final victory [...] The English will pay for aviation terrorism. New weapons are being used"[Propaganda Poster at the Right]
In this poster, the government tries to ensure that people are loyal, telling that the British must pay for their "terrorist" acts. The also say that Italy had the last technology and weapons, and that they were very intelligent (As shown in the head at right) making them to feel proud of their country.

Italy's participation on the war was stopped when the Allies attacked the southern part of the peninsula and when the King arrested Mussolini in order to protect the royal family. This inflection point affected Hitler who lost his biggest ally in Europe, and Mussolini who lost the whole power. Mussolini was able to escape the prison with the help of the nazis, but couldn't re-organize a state and was finally no threat to the Allies, who killed him in 1945.

The result of the war showed that the totalitarian regimes (Germany, Italy and Japan) were not successful, while the democratic ones where the winners (USA, France and Great Britain, who had a King, but a constitutional monarchy). This conclusion can lead to a brief comparison, between the Totalitarian regimes and the democratic ones.

In Italy's case, I will compare it to USA. At the start of the Fascist regime, the Italian economy was devastated. The country was destroyed after the WW I and the people were not happy for the rulers, while during the 1920s USA passed through one of the brightest times of their history: The Roaring Twenties. This times was full of richness and an incredible economic growth. But at the start of the WW, Italy was recovering from the situation in a good economic situation, while USA was finally getting out of the great depression. Italy had a regime with no participation of people. It was really questioned by Italians, and the King was not totally an ally of Mussolini. While the democracy in USA flourished. The Americans where happy with their president, and the way of choosing it. In general aspects the "happiness" of people was much more bigger in America that in Italy.

After Mussolini's dead and the end of the war, Italy finally got on the path of recovering and were able to establish a solid democratic government. These new path, let them to be an economic power. It was not the fascism, it was the democracy, which gave the Italians the exit way.

By: Santiago Vásquez R.

Bibliography:

History Learning Site. "Life in Fascist Italy." History Learning Site. Web. 02 Oct. 2011. .

Layton, Julia. "HowStuffWorks "What Exactly Is Fascism?"" How Stuff Works. Discovery. Web. 02 Oct. 2011. .

Posters:

http://gothicstamps.com/php/searchviewpage.php?country_spec=Political.Italy.1922-1945&selectTopical=Topical.Propaganda& 02 Oct. 2011

http://www.forosegundaguerra.com/viewtopic.php?f=14&t=5207&start=75 02 Oct. 2011




Italy World War II

Ana Catalina García
Political Regimes
October 3/2011
9°A
Italian Fascism during World War II:

Italy had an important role during the World War II by being the main ally of Germany and by geographically important: As it is in the whole center of the Mediterranean Sea, it helped to stop the pass of the allies’ warships. During this period of time the duce, Benito Mussolini took power in Italy and Adolf Hitler took it in Germany. They were both fascist dictators, which means that they wanted
the people to be loyal to their countries and that it´s a social ideology in which the country and the race were the most important things between the citizens. Mussolini decides to create a totalitarian government (a government that involves itself in every aspect of the country: social, economical and political) and tried to have a way similar way of leading the people during the 1920s. Mussolini was promising better conditions to those Italians that were victims of the inflation and the unemployment. Mussolini, approved by the same King Victor Emmanuel III, became the prime minister of Italy and leaded the National Fascist Party in 1922.



Fascism was a completely militarized regime in which every man had to be part of the army and those who couldn´t, had to work in factories to produce army supplies. The regime gave more importance to the soldiers than the economy, education and other subjects that should be crucial in a government. One of the best ways for him to be taken seriously by the people was by using propaganda. Like this, the people only saw what he wanted to show them: that the fascist regime does good things for the government to regain power, and how groups like the Nazis, SS and fascists are “friends” with the society.





Maybe the main characteristic of Mussolini was to imitate Hitler; he admired him up to the fact of traveling to Berlin in order to know him.He made constant use of symbols and slogans and other ways for its regime to be well received in the society.
This regime persuaded people by telling that Human rights weren´t important and could be ignored because they feared their enemies and that their security could be in danger by using this rights against them. They had an obsession with national security: “Fear is used as a motivational tool by the government over the masses”.
The Different Regimes: Fascism vs Communism:
They are the complete opposites. While Fascism wanted the people to be loyal to it´s country and it was a social ideology in which the country and the race were the most important things between the citizens, the communism was more an economicall ideology in which people worked all for the state, the state was the owner of every industry and it payed the same amount of money and gave the same benefits for everyone, didn´t matter the work and the effort people putted into it. In communism, all are equal; Nobody is rich or poor and the production is supported by everybody. While, Fascism is the state; the state is over everybody. People don´t have human rights.
Fascism ended when the Allies (USA, UK, France, and USSR) won the war, when they got into the european continent in a day called “The D Day” and arrived into Berlin where they found that Hitler had commited suicide in April 30 of 1945. One day before Mussolini was hang by his own people in Italy.
Sources:
Britt Laurence, “Fourteen Definig Characteristics of Fascism”, Rense.com, Web. Searched on October 2/2011http://www.rense.com/general37/char.htm
Simkin John, “Benito Mussolini”, Spartacus Educational, Web. Searched on October 2/2011 http://www.spartacus.schoolnet.co.uk/2WWmussolini.htm
Richman Sheldon, “Fascism”, The Concise Encyclopedia of Economics. Web 2008, Searched on October 2/2011 http://www.econlib.org/library/Enc/Fascism.html


Parlimentary monarchy

Luisa Zarama
gimnasio la Montaña
History




















1. The parliamentary monarchy is the constitutional system where the monarch appoints a Prime minister, who usually leads the largest political party elects to the national parliament. The monarch was the Queen Anne (left) and the Prime minister was Winston Churchill (right).
2. A) Queen Anne in 1705, 40 years old.
B) Winston Churchill thought that aliens were going to land on earth and he sent some people to look for UFO.
3. In the pictures you can see the hierachy of the parliamentary monarchy, because there's the queen and the prime minister chosen by the monarchs. and that was the main characteristic of the parliamentary monarchy.
4. Parliamentary monarchy is based on the three powers (Executive, legislative and judicial), so the power is divided into more people. In Nazism, only one person had the power. Parliamentray monarchy's ideologies are based on the monarchy and the parliament, while Nazism was based on facsism.
BIBLIOGRAPHY:
parliamentary monarchy, 28 oct 2011, conservapedia <http://conservapedia.com/Parliamentary_monarchy>
Nazism, 28 oct 2011, wikipedia http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nazism





Gimnasio La Montaña
Daniela Cristancho
Ninth Grade A
October 2, 2011
The Roaring Twenties












The roaring twenties were the decade after the World War I, and were characterized for being a time of change for everyone, especially in America. The decade of 1920 was called commonly the roaring twenties, but it was also named as “the age of uncertainty” and “the jazz age”. One of the many changes involved in these years were the changes in technology. The war’s technological advances were used to improve transportation and communication in the postwar period. As you can see in the first image the car was one of these advances, and probably the most important one (in terms of technology), mainly because of two things. First, when the war ended and the economy dropped, the middle classes could start buying cars because the prices were so low. This changed the lifestyle of everyone, as people no longer depended on public transportation and they could travel for pleasure. Second, the mass production grew significantly, this meant products were made in greater quantities, till the point when there were more products than buyers. For example, the production of cars in Britain tripled during 1920 and by 1930 Great Britain produced 511,000 cars per year.
Other important changes were done in terms of way of thinking. After the war, people became more open. During the war, women were forced to work at factories and big industries; this proved that they could do anything a man could do. Once the war was over all social patters were destroyed and women were less restricted. As you can see in the second image, women were allowed to wear short and loose dresses, short hair, makeup, and also smoke and drink.
These two images represent the characteristics of a democratic regime of the XX century. A democratic regime is characterized for having elections, respect for individual rights, power division, control of the administration and state ruled by law. The United States started being a fully democratic nation after the war; as you can see in the images, individual rights were more respected, and people were free to have different ideologies and act according to them.
The democratic regime of the U.S.A during the first half of the XX century was very different to any totalitarian regime of the same time, for example Stalin’s regime in Russia. Stalinist Russia was characterized by two aspects: first the total control, and second the new economy. In terms of total control, the dictator used many different ways in order to control every aspect of people’s lives, for example: the police, censorship and propaganda. This is different from the democratic regime because in democracy, rulers are equal to the people and they have no right to control their lives in any way. In terms of new economy there was an agriculture revolution in the Stalinist Russia. People were forced to work in collective farms, which only benefited the government. This is different from America’s democratic regime because in this regime people can work in whatever place they choose, and they are working for themselves, not for the state. Also the regime of the U.S.A in 1920 was characterized for being a time in which artists, writers and musicians could innovate and create different things and styles in order to express themselves, meanwhile in the totalitarian regime of Russia there was no freedom of speech.
Bibliography:
· Beck, Roger, et al. World History: Patterns of Interaction. United Stated of America: McDougal Little Inc., 1999: 775-778, 795-800.



Gimnasio la Montaña – History
Maria Elisa Turbay
Nineth A
The Roaring Twenties
The roaring twenties began in the 1920 and lasted almost to 1930. It was characterized for being a period of prosperity, a thought of accomplishing the “American dream”, music such as jazz, which came from African roots and blues, writing and artistic development, a constantly moving economy, people spending money and having fun, women with brief skirts, bobbed hair, use of makeup and cigarettes. American fashion was born; citizens started paying more attention to the way they looked and danced.Entertainment was really important, especially movies. Actors and actresses became idols in the society. This was a new way of advertisement and persuasion. Although movies were enjoyable, they always carried a message of growth, consumerism and comfor
t.
This period was important because it marked a turning point for the United States. US started being more and more independent from t
he European countries and generating their own economy. The middle class became wealthier, women were able to vote, have more freedom and they wanted to be treated as equal as men. In this decade, America became the richest nation.

In 1919, the constitution prohibits the manufacture, transport and sale of intoxicating liquor. Many people disliked this laws, and this led to gangsters, who illegally distributed liquor and in some way promoted violence.
In the elections of 1920 there were two main candidates; James Cox, who was a democrat, and Warren Harding, who was repub
lican. Cox believed that America should be more involved with the world (other nations), while Harding opposed to the idea of internationalism and believed that America should only worry about things within its own borders. Warren Harding won the elections, and this result proved that American citizens didn’t want to be involved in other countries problems and didn’t want to sacrifice American life’s and money solving those problems
During the World War l, American citizens had many restrictions such as the government controlling the industrial productions, shipping and railroads. After the war, these restrictions were lifted, and industries started generating more jobs. This led to people earning more money, and being able to spend it having fun; this moved the economy, and off course it grew.
Technology was very important for the economical and cultural development, because it made possible for people to improve their life’s. It made possible televisions, telephones, cars and radios. Cars contributed because people was able to travel, to live far from the cities, to improve roads and to develop businesses along them such as gasoline stations, places to shop, restaurants and places to sleep. Radio was important because it allowed a change in communication. Most programs were for entertaining and it helped bring American´s together.
Sources:
http://www.1920-30.com/, october 2, 2011



Luis Eduardo Mojica 9A
Political Regimes Work
Russian Revolution
The Russian Revolution of 1917 is the result of a long process of social oppression done by the czars through the history of this country. Among the causes of this revolution, the general feeling of discontent of the Russian society was very important factor. During the 19th-century the czarscaused widespread of social unrest and most people in Russia, especially the workers of the factories, had a low standard of living and lacked of political power. (McDougal, Littell) Thanks to this discontent, the people of the Russian society began to make revolutionary movements which rapidly grew. The revolutionary groups wanted the power and wanted to make a new government in Russia different from the autocracy of the czars.
The artist helped to spread the ideals of change in Russia and the social purposes. They made posters and propaganda that encouraged the Marxists ideals and the Bolshevik movements. This style is called ‘Russian constructivism’.
They were mainly 2 mayor revolutionary groups, the Mensheviks and The Bolsheviks; both followed the views of Karl Max. The Bolsheviks’ major leader was Vladimir Ilyich Ulyanov, who was also known as Lenin. The March of 1917 consisted in a stroke, done by 200’000 workers and soldiers tired of the war and also of autocracy. This was as the result of many incidents such as the Bloody Sunday in which almost 1000 Russian workers that were protesting were killed by order of the Czar Nicholas II, and the World War I, which was ‘the drop that broke the camel’. This march forced the Czar Nicholas II to leave the power. The revolutionaries got more radical and formed de Soviets, councils of workers soldiers and peasants who consisted the power. The conditions in Russian worsened, the country was falling in pieces and Lenin and the Bolsheviks used this opportunity to get the power of the nation, so in November of 1917 the Bolsheviks took the power of the government and now they had the power of Russia.
The civil war started in Russia in the year 1918, as the result of the discontent of some Russians with the Bolsheviks for surrendering in World War 1 and signing the treaty of Brest-Litovsk. The Bolsheviks conformed the Red army, whose leader was Lenin.
Propaganda encouraged people to follow the Red Army, Lenin used this propaganda with posters that said ‘Bread, Peace and Land’ to encourage the bonds with the people during the civil war to follow the Bolsheviks and also to support the communism.
15 Million Russians died in the civil war. The Bolsheviks triumphed in 1920, Russia had hunger, was destructed and in total chaos. Now Lenin had to fight with gigantic problems in the country, so he started restoring the order, reconstructing the economy and restoring the government.
Lenin reorganized the country into several self-governing republics under the central government so that there would be unity in Russia. In 1922 Russia was now called the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics. The Bolsheviks were no called the communist party. (McDougal, Littell) The country recovered slowly, Lenin died in 1924 and opened a struggle for power of the communist party.
From now on, the Soviet Union will become a totalitarian state, thanks to Lenin’s replacement; Joseph Stalin.
Bibliography:
Mcdougal Littell, World History Patterns of Interaction, Evanston, Illinois. Boston, Dallas. 1999. Pages 769-775

Propaganda of the Russian Revolution and America in WWI






DOMINGO 2 DE OCTUBRE DE 2011

Russia - Stalin's Regime

Gimnasio La Montaña
History Department
Manuela Giraldo J                     9A                                           October 2,2011

Russia - Stalin's Regime

Totalitarism is a political regime, main way in which a society organize itself and in which the power is distributed. Totalitarism is different from democracy by the way in which it is governed. Democracy is a regime where government controlled by its citizens, either directly or through representatives (World History). In this regime government respected individual rights such as property, vote, freedom of speech, etc. How they respect vote, people could decided who was going to rule. Democracy has power division because they were different institutions handle the power, but each institution had to respond for their acts. Also, the law ruled the state. Totalitarism is a regime where government controls over every aspect of public and private life (World history). In this regime government didn’t respect individual rights. For example, people hadn’t freedom of speech, because the opinions were forbidden. Totalitarism started with a democratic election, which finished with false elections because rulers manipulated votes. Totalitarism hadn’t power divisions. It means that a ruler or a political party control very aspect of the state. How they don’t have power division, the law didn’t rule the state because rulers could change it whenever they wanted, as they wanted.


From 1917 to 1924 Russia was governed by V.I. Lenin, who planned to overthrow the czar. When Lenin died, Joseph Stalin, who was a general secretary of the Communist party that worked behind the sence, and Trotsky wanted to rule over Russia, but Lenin always thought that Stalin was not the best candidate to rule over Russia.

“Comrade Stalin has concentrated enormous power in his hands, and I am not sure that he always knows how to use that power with sufficient caution.”

In 1929 Trotky was exiled to México, so Stalin was the new ruler in Russia. While Stalin was ruling, Trotsky published articles and books critizicing Stalin´s regime.

Around 1925, when Stalin started to rule, the Soviet Union was trasformed into a totalitarian state, part of the liberal party. This means that Stalin got total control over every aspect of public and private life. Stalin used the police, the censorship and the propaganda to spread his ideals for making people to accept certain believes or actions. Police used terror and violence to force obedience and to crush opposition. For example, they uses violence to force the peasants to work on the farms. Propaganda was used to persuade people to accept certain beliefs or actions. Also it was used to attack religious views, such as the ones of The Russian Orthodox Church, Roman Catholics and Jews. The censorship consisted that Stalin controlled newspapers, radio, posters, telephones line, etc. If someone was against Stalin´s ideology, they were executed by The Great Purge. 

Women started to have great opportunities and equal rights. They started to work in different things  than only housework. For example, they could helped the state to control the economy prosper, young women could performed works as men and they worked in factories. 

People became better educated because under Stalin, his government improve its quality. Teachers had to teach  the virtues of the communist party so everyone knew Stalin´s ideology. If someone was against them, they lose their jobs or faced imprisonment. 

Finally, Stalin started to create a new economy, the command economy. The C.E was a system in which the government made all economic decisions and under this system political leaders identify country´s economic (World history). As result of this new system Stalin led the state to an industrial revolution, where the state controlled goods, workers and production. With this revolution Russia had fantastic economic results that provided equally successful and industrial production increased around 25%.  Also he led to an agriculture revolution where he created collective farms. This means that farms were under the power of the state and people were not working for themselves, they were working for the government. 

REFERENCES:
3. McDougal, Little. “World History patterns of interaction.” September 5, 2011. Totalitarism: 775-778.



 

United States WWII

Juan David Forero.
Political Regimes Final Work.
United States WWII.
After the First World War ended, the United States was living a great moment in every aspect of the entire country. The economy was increasing and increasing in a very big way, so all the people were passing through a good moment. This moment was called ‘The roaring twenties` because it was a very wealthy moment for the country and people. But this positive moment for the United States was over when ‘The great depression’ started in 1929. This was a very big crisis that the United States had to face up because the bad and poor management of the economy of the country.
After all this passed, the II World War was initiating. At the beginning, the United States pretended to be like neutral, they didn’t want to enter into the war, but after all the attacks Japan did, because they wanted to conquer China in order to expand through Asia and other countries, the war started for the United States. Besides this in 1941, they decided to enter into the War to defend their selves from a possible attack from Japan, they were scared about that. So the war was declared between both countries, and this dispute was only beginning, and also to make allies in order to win the war.
United States during the Second World War was one of the main actors and had as political regime a democracy, which means that they have elections, power of division (main decisions pass through a congress), the state is ruled by the laws, freedom of speech (anyone can opine whatever he wants), and the control of the administration.
A democratic political regime such as the one of the United States and a totalitarianism political regime such as the one of Japan, differ in many aspects. For example the totalitarian regime of Japan prohibit any opinion of the persons against his leader, they ended the freedom of speech, while in the United States the opinions where received by the government according to their situation. Also the treaty between the United States and Japan was broken by Japan; they didn’t respect the treaty because the leader made whatever he wanted, he didn’t rule according to laws, and the principal policy of the US was to be a better nation while of Japan was of having more war, so they differ a lot.
At the beginning of the war, the President of the United States was Franklin D. Roosevelt, until his death on 1945, when the war was almost over. He could never do a peace treaty with Stalin or others rulers of different nations but he tried a lot.
He had lots of opinions about democracy and its difference with fascism, for example he said: “The liberty of a democracy is not safe if the people tolerate the growth of private power to a point where it comes stronger than their democratic state itself. That, in its essence, is fascism - ownership of government by an individual, by a group,” (Franklin D. Roosevelt)-
The sucesor of Roosevelt was Harry S. Truman, who started as President on April 12 of 1945. He was the one who was in charge to send the atomic bombs to Japan and after that event the war was almost ended. He only had like 6 months of war as president of the United States and later he continued being the president until 1953.
30 Political Propaganda Posters from Modern History | wp tutorials 30 Political Propaganda Posters from Modern History | wp tutorials
During both governments, of Roosevelt and Truman, the Posters or Propaganda were used in order to persuade the people to join or cooperate for the war. The United States were needing people to help in the war, so they started to do propaganda and also to call the attention of women to help in anything they could help. So they started to call the nationalism of the people, which means that the people should be loyal to their nation in order to win the war with the cooperation of all the country.


Finally, the war was ended and the United States continued with his processes of progress and the economy was established later. All the people showed their nationalism and compromise with their country in order to win the war.
Sources:
- McDougal Littell, World History Patterns of Interaction, Evanston, Illiniois, Boston, Dallas 1999. Pages 801-806.and 835-846.
- 30 Political Propaganda Posters from Modern History | WebDino.net." WebDino.net | Wordpress Tutorials, Joomla Tutorials, PHP Tutorials, Javascript Tutorials. Web. 30 Sept. 2011. .
- "Franklin D. Roosevelt Quotes." Find the Famous Quotes You Need, ThinkExist.com Quotations. Web. 01 Oct. 2011. .
- Wordpress Tutorials, Joomla Tutorials, PHP Tutorials, Javascript Tutorials. Web. 30 Sept. 2011. .



US WWII


Gimnasio La Montaña
Juan Diego Velásquez
01-10-11
Roosevelt’s regime:
Franklin Delano Roosevelt, president of the United States of America until 1945, leave the presidency, because of a cancer that made him die. His vice-president Harry Truman replaced him, continuing with the same politic system of Roosevelt.  Roosevelt with the idea of the fight with the poverty, under the economic crisis, won the elections beating Hoover in 1932.
The New Deal policy was created to subtract the economic crisis, with the intervention of the government inside the economy to push through the impasse in which the country was on, enacted the land reform of the 33, the industrial reconstruction and improved the work relationships between the firms and workers. 
When Roosevelt took the control of the US, the economic crisis was attacking the country in a several way, the poverty was very big and the industries were in bankruptcy. In 1941 after the attack on Pearl Harbor, Roosevelt entered into the World War II with a project of rearming the country, he established the war economy giving to the United States a military superiority in the conflict, also superiority in the industrial area and demographic over Germany and Japan, after he defeated both countries, in 1945 began the ONU, Roosevelt died, by a cancer, in 1945 and Truman finished all the things that had to be done by the time.

In 1920, Russia began the Stalinist regime; it became a totalitarian government that took the control of the family industry, economy, and military power. His principal policy was to conformed Russia into a military country. He killed his policy opponents. Contrary to this, the Roosevelt’s regime was a democratic one, that didn’t take control of the private property and family industry. The principal policy of Roosevelt was to take off the US from the economic crisis that they were suffering in that time. The fight of Roosevelt with his opponents was with ideas, not by killing them. In conclusion Stalin imposed his ideas under the terror of the people and took total control of the country, while Roosevelt won the presidency and the people affection by his government system and ideas, not with terror and control.
Cárdenas, Luis Enrique. Personal interview. October 01, 2011.




Juan Felipe Prada 9A
Political Regimes Work
United States WWI
The united states joined the war in 1914 and remain in a neutral position until in 1917 joined the allies, conformed by the United Kingdom, United States, france, Italy and Japan, with the idea to win the war. In the process of the war, the U.S needed to recruit soldiers from the common people with the help of many posters. Some examples of those posters are:
1)
This is the most famous and representative image of the WWI because this image help to recruit a lot of soldiers meanwhile the war was taking place.In this image, the person, uncle Sam, is "talking" to the observer of the poster saing that you are the one that is needed to win the war.

another good example of a poster was:
2)
This image was about joining the air force of the US and it also recruited a lot because it used the image of two eagles and in the background, a war between planes. And it tried to say that the US air force was being an eagle fitting for justice.

The main reason because the US entered the war, was because Germany sank two public US boats when they where returning to the US and that crisis did that the US joined the war with the allies because the allies where figting against the central powers and there was Germany, and also because Italy ask the help of Mexico.
I choose this posters because they show all the messages that they use to convince or gain the attention of the society and also because they represent the nationalism in the US dousing the WWI.



Biography:
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_States#World_War_I.2C_Great_Depression.2C_and_World_War_II
http://vi.sualize.us/view/1666ca548d4d8a4daaf1e89d49064f25/
http://healium.files.wordpress.com/2009/07/uncle-sam-wants-you.jpg
http://www.americaslibrary.gov/jb/jazz/jb_jazz_wwi_1.html
http://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Archivo:Map_1914_WWI_Alliances.jpg